全球首例：美国男子靠猪肾续命9个月后等来人肾，五年等到的概率仅9%；现已恢复运动

美国男子蒂姆·安德鲁斯先后接受了两颗不同物种的肾脏。2025年1月，麻省总医院为他移植了一颗基因编辑猪肾。这颗猪肾让他连续271天无需透析， 2025年10月23日猪肾因血管损伤衰竭被摘除，82天后，他等到了人类供体肾脏并完成移植。

A genetically modified kidney from a pig called Wilma has kept a 66-year-old man with kidney failure alive for a record nine months and successfully acted as a "bridge" to a human transplant in a world first.

安德鲁斯在接受基因编辑猪肾移植后第4天

安德鲁斯来自新罕布什尔州康科德。2型糖尿病引发的终末期肾病让他透析了两年多。按他的主治团队的说法，他五年内等到匹配人类肾脏的概率只有9%，死亡或因病情恶化被移出等待名单的风险却超过40%。

Tim Andrews was seriously ill with end-stage kidney disease caused by type 2 diabetes and had only a 9% chance of receiving a human kidney within five years, against a more than 40% risk of dying or being removed from the waiting list.

猪肾工作271天后衰竭摘除

全程未检出猪病毒

研究团队使用的猪肾取自一头名为威尔玛的尤卡坦小型猪。移植前，这头猪的基因组接受了69处编辑：其中一些编辑用于规避可能对人类构成风险的病毒，另一些则用于提高猪肾与人体的相容性，降低发生免疫排斥的可能。

Surgeons in the US successfully transplanted a kidney from Wilma, a Yucatan miniature pig, into Andrews, after genetically engineering it to be compatible with his immune system.

Before the transplant in January 2025, Wilma the pig had received 69 edits to her genome. Some of these were designed to dodge viruses that might pose a risk to humans, while others made the organ more compatible with humans, reducing the odds of immune rejection.

接受了基因编辑的猪

麻省总医院布里格姆医疗系统的移植团队表示，安德鲁斯成功带着这颗基因编辑猪肾生活了271天，之后接受了一名人类供者提供的肾脏移植。

The team behind the transplant at Mass General Brigham said Andrews successfully lived with the genetically edited kidney for 271 days before receiving a human kidney from a donor.

麻省总医院，医生正在进行移植手术

研究团队表示，这是目前活体人类接受猪肾异种移植后无透析生存时间最长的病例，也是全球首例随后接受人类肾脏移植的病例。

His case represents the longest dialysis-free survival following pig kidney xenotransplantation in a living human, and the world's first transition to human kidney transplantation, the team said.

移植约6个月后，猪肾的血管出现损伤，并逐渐进展为器官衰竭。移植9个月后，这颗猪肾被摘除。

After roughly six months, damage developed in the pig kidney's blood vessels which progressed to organ failure and the kidney was removed nine months after transplantation.

移植到安德鲁斯体内的猪肾

猪肾摘除82天后等来人肾移植

随访半年未发现排异障碍

猪肾摘除后，安德鲁斯重新开始接受透析。82天后，2026年1月12日传来好消息，他接到医院电话，说找到了一颗与他几乎完全匹配的人类肾脏，次日，他接受了移植手术。

After several months back on dialysis, Andrews received a kidney from a dead human donor, which worked well during six months of follow-up, according to the Lancet.

此后，6个月的随访显示新肾工作良好，未检出针对人类组织的新抗体。随访期间，未发现针对人类组织的新抗体，这表明此前的猪肾移植并没有增加后续人肾移植成功的难度。整个过程中，也未检出猪病毒或其他猪源病原体。

There were no new antibodies against human tissue detected, indicating the pig kidney had not made it harder for the human kidney transplant to work successfully. No pig viruses or other pig pathogens were detected at any point.

安德鲁斯将这次猪肾移植称为“奇迹”：“我还活着，而在那之前，我已经很久没有真正活着了。”他说，移植后，他已经能够做饭、吸尘，还能带着爱犬Cupcake长距离散步。

Andrews, from New Hampshire, described the pig kidney transplant as a "miracle", adding: "I was alive, and I hadn't been in a long time."

He was able to cook, vacuum and take long walks with his dog, Cupcake, he said.

接受猪肾移植手术四天后的安德鲁斯与护士合影

“器官短缺是当前移植领域最大的危机。”论文通讯作者、麻省总医院移植科学中心的莱昂纳多·里埃拉说，“我们知道，对已经发生肾衰竭的终末期肾病患者来说，最好的治疗选择是移植，但我们没有足够的人类器官可以及时移植。”他的设想是，异种移植起初作为“桥”，帮患者脱离透析等待人类供肾；随着长期安全性和耐用性得到确认，未来可能成为独立的长期治疗方案。

"The organ shortage is the greatest crisis we have right now in transplantation," said Dr Leonardo Riella, of the Center for Transplantation Sciences and the Division of Nephrology at Mass General Brigham.

"Our vision is that xenotransplantation could help address this gap – initially as a bridge to get patients off dialysis while they wait for a human donor kidney, and potentially, as we establish long-term safety and durability, as a destination therapy in its own right. "

里埃拉也提醒，这是一例没有对照组的单患者病例，结果依赖严格的患者筛选和高强度专业护理，未必能在其他机构复制。

The team cautioned that this was a single patient with no comparison group, and that the outcome reflected careful patient selection and intensive specialist care that may not be available elsewhere.

研究团队表示，未来还需要开展更多类似安德鲁斯参与的临床试验。但此次成功为猪肾作为“桥梁”，帮助其他需要长期等待人类供体肾脏的患者打开了大门。

Further clinical trials such as the one Andrews participated in will be needed. But the success opens the door to pig kidney transplants as a bridge for other people facing long waits for a human kidney, they said.

来源：红星新闻 卫报

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